Which type of turnover occurs when the employee chooses to leave due to personal or professional reasons?

• A. Voluntary turnover
• B. Involuntary turnover
• C. Functional turnover
• D. Dysfunctional turnover

Answer: (A)

When an employee chooses to leave for personal or professional reasons, the departure is voluntary turnover—the employee initiates the separation. This is different from involuntary turnover, where the employer ends the relationship (like a layoff or termination). The terms functional and dysfunctional describe the impact of the departure on the organization (whether the exit is beneficial or harmful to the company), not the reason the employee left. So the scenario described fits voluntary turnover.